Zvoseiyo Rechargeable work light, portable camping lightuyemultifunctional headlampshandisa girobhu re LED.Kuti unzwisise nheyo ye diode yakatungamirirwa, kutanga kunzwisisa ruzivo rwekutanga rwe semiconductors.Iwo conductive zvimiro zve semiconductor zvinhu zviri pakati conductors uye insulators.Zvimiro zvayo zvakasiyana ndezvi: apo semiconductor inokurudzirwa nekunze kwechiedza uye mamiriro ekupisa, kukwanisa kwayo kuitisa kuchachinja zvikuru;Kuwedzera hudiki husina kuchena kune yakachena semiconductor inowedzera zvakanyanya kugona kwayo kuitisa magetsi.Silicon (Si) uye germanium (Ge) ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa semiconductors mumagetsi emazuva ano, uye maerekitironi awo ekunze mana.Kana maatomu esilicon kana germanium akaumba kristaro, maatomu evavakidzani anodyidzana, kuitira kuti maerekitironi ekunze agovane nemaatomu maviri, ayo anoumba covalent bond structure mukristaro, inova chimiro chemolecular ine zvishoma zvinokanganisa kugona.Patembiricha yemumba (300K), kupisa kwekupisa kuchaita kuti mamwe maerekitironi ekunze awane simba rakakwana kuti abve pacovalent bond uye ave maerekitironi emahara, izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti intrinsic excitation.Mushure mekunge erekitironi isingasungwi kuti ive erekitironi yemahara, nzvimbo inosara muchibvumirano checovalent.Basa iri rinonzi gomba.Kuonekwa kwegomba chinhu chakakosha chinosiyanisa semiconductor kubva kune conductor.
Kana shoma shoma yepentavalent tsvina yakadai sephosphorus inowedzerwa kune intrinsic semiconductor, inenge iine erekitironi yakawedzerwa mushure mekugadzira chisungo che covalent nemamwe maatomu e semiconductor.Iri rekuwedzera rerekitironi rinongoda simba diki kwazvo kuti ribvise chisungo uye rive erekitironi remahara.Rudzi urwu rwetsvina semiconductor inonzi electronic semiconductor (N-type semiconductor).Nekudaro, kuwedzera hushoma hwehutatu husina kuchena hwekutanga (senge boron, zvichingodaro) kune intrinsic semiconductor, nekuti ine maerekitironi matatu chete muchikamu chekunze, mushure mekugadzira chisungo checovalent nemaatomu akapoteredza semiconductor, zvinogadzira nzvimbo. mukristaro.Rudzi urwu rwetsvina semiconductor inonzi hole semiconductor (P-type semiconductor).Kana N-mhando neP-mhando semiconductors zvabatanidzwa, pane musiyano mukusangana kwemahara maerekitironi nemaburi pakusangana kwawo.Ese maerekitironi nemaburi anopatsanurwa akananga kwakadzikira, achisiya maion anochajiwa asi asingafambi anoparadza kusarerekera kwemagetsi kwekutanga kwenzvimbo dzeN-mhando neP.Izvi zvisingafambe zvakachajiswa zvidimbu zvinowanzodaidzwa kunzi space charges, uye dzakanangana pedyo nekuonana kwenzvimbo dzeN neP kuita dunhu rakatetepa kwazvo rekuchajisa nzvimbo, iro rinozivikanwa sePN junction.
Kana voltage yekumberi ikaiswa kumigumo yese yePN junction (positive voltage kune rimwe divi reP-type), maburi nemaerekitironi akasununguka anotenderera, achigadzira munda wemagetsi wemukati.Maburi achangobva kubaiwa anobva abatana zvakare nemaerekitironi emahara, dzimwe nguva achiburitsa simba rakawandisa muchimiro chephotons, chinova chiedza chatinoona chichiburitswa nemaledhi.Chiratidziro chakadaro chakatetepa, uye sezvo chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine gap rakasiyana bhendi, mawavelengths emafotoni anoburitswa akasiyana, saka mavara emaradhi anotemerwa nezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: May-12-2023