Maitiro Ekutenga: Zvitupa Zvakakosha zveMarambi Emagetsi eUSB Anotumirwa kuEurope nekuUS.

Nhanganyaya

Kune vatengi vanotsvaga zvinhuMwenje yeUSBkuEurope neUnited States, kuvimbiswa kwemhando kunotanga nekunzwisisa kuti ndeapi masitifiketi anofanirwa kupihwa, ndeapi anotungamirwa nechiteshi, uye kuti ane chekuita sei nekuchengetedzeka kwechigadzirwa, kubviswa kwemitero, uye mutoro. Nekuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvinosanganisa maLED, macircuit ekuchaja, uye mabhatiri e lithium-ion, kutevedzera mitemo hakungogumiri pane label imwe chete kana mushumo wekuyedza. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura mwero wepamusoro unofanirwa kutariswa nezvikwata zvekutenga zvisati zvaisa maodha, chinotsanangura zvinofukidza chitupa chega chega, uye chinoratidza kuti kuongorora kwakakodzera kwemagwaro kunoderedza sei njodzi yekudzoserwa kwemagetsi, mari yewarandi, uye kuratidzwa kwevanopinza nevatengesi.

Sei kuvimbiswa kwemhando yepamusoro kuchisarudza kubudirira kwekutenga mwenje yeUSB

Mukutengeserana kwemagetsi emagetsi pasi rose, kuvimbiswa kwemhando yepamusoro kunoshanda sechitsigiro chikuru chekubudirira kwekutenga, kunyanya kune michina yemwenje inotakurika inofambiswa nemasero e-lithium-ion ane simba rakawanda.Mwenje yeUSBZvakashanduka kubva pazvishandiso zviri nyore zvinoshandisa mabhatiri kuita zvishandiso zvakaoma zve optoelectronic zvinosanganisa ma LED arrays epamusoro, ma PCBAs akagadzirwa zvakanaka, uye masisitimu emagetsi anochajwazve. Kune zvikwata zvekutenga zvinhu zvinotarisa misika yeEurope neUnited States ine mitemo yakakwira, kuvimba chete nekuongorora runako kana mashandiro ekutanga chikanganiso chakakosha. Maitiro ekusimbisa hunhu haangotungamiriri hupenyu hwechigadzirwa chete asiwo kuchengetedzwa kwepamutemo kwechinhu chinotenga zvinhu.

Kusangana kwekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi, manejimendi yekupisa, uye kutevedzera mitemo yemakemikari zvinoumba chipingamupinyi chakasimba chekupinda munzvimbo idzi. Vanopinza zvinyorwa ndivo vane mutoro wepamutemo wekutevedzera mitemo yezvigadzirwa, zvichireva kuti chero kukundikana mukudzora mhando yemugadziri kunoisa mutengi mumatambudziko makuru emari uye mukurumbira. Saka, kugadza mitemo yakasimba yekutenga haisi basa rechipiri, asi inzira huru yekuderedza njodzi inoparadzanisa mapurogiramu ekutengesa anochengetedza kubva pakudzoserwa kwezvinhu zvinotyisa.

Njodzi yemutengi, zvinodiwa nechiteshi, uye kuratidzwa kwewarandi

Mari yekutengeserana ine chekuita nekutenga mwenje weUSB inodarika mutengo wekutanga weyuniti. Njodzi yemutengi inonyanya kukoshesa mutoro wezvigadzirwa uye kutevedzera mitemo yechiteshi, kunyanya kana vachipa vatengesi vepamusoro-soro kana mapuratifomu makuru e-commerce. Nzira huru dzekutengesa ikozvino dzinoshandisa mabhuku akasimba ekutevedzera mitemo yevatengesi ayo anorayira data rakazara rekuongorora rebato rechitatu vasati vatanga kutenga. Kukundikana kupa magwaro ekusimbisa anowanzo kukonzera kubviswa kwebhizinesi nekukurumidza, kumisa zvinhu, uye kudzoka kwemari kunogona kudarika kukosha kwekutanga kwekutenga.

Uyezve, kuratidzwa kwewarandi kunomiririra kudzikira kukuru, kazhinji kusingatarisirwi kwepurofiti. Muzvikamu zvemwenje zvekunze uye zvemaindasitiri, chiyero chinogamuchirwa chedefect rate chinowanzo vharirwa pasi pe1.5%. Kana defect rates ikadarika iyi yekutanga nekuda kwekusungirirwa kusina kurongeka, kuora kwebhatiri nekukurumidza, kana kupinda kwehunyoro, mari yekufambisa zvinhu - kusanganisira kubata vatengi, kutumira zvinhu, uye kutsiva mayuniti - inogona kubvisa purofiti yechikamu chose chechigadzirwa. Hurongwa hwakasimba hwekusimbisa hunhu hunoita kuti garandi irambe yakasimba uye hukama hwechiteshi hunochengetedzwa.

Magadzirirwo ezvigadzirwa zvemwenje weUSB une njodzi huru

Imwe rambi remusoro reUSBZvigadziriso zvinounza njodzi dzakakwira zvakanyanya uye zvinoda kutarisirwa kwakasimba kwehunhu. Midziyo inoshandisa zviyero zvepamusoro zvekushanda, zvakaita sekubuda kunoenderera mberi kunodarika 1,000 lumens, inoisa kushushikana kukuru kwekupisa pazvivakwa zvemukati. Mumamodeli aya ane simba guru, kusavapo kwekutonga kwekupisa, senge Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors dzakarongwa kuti dzibvise simba kana tembiricha dzemukati dzichidarika 60°C, zvinogona kutungamira mukuora kwe LED kana kuti lithium-ion thermal runaway.

Zvine njodzi zvakafanana nekushandisa masero asina zita kana kuti akazara ane simba guru (akadai se18650 kana 21700 formats) akabatanidzwa nematunhu ekuchaja asina simba guru. Marambi emusoro asina magetsi akazvimirira uye magetsi ekudzivirira anobuda zvakanyanya paPCBA nebheteri pachayo ndiwo anonyanya kukonzera kutadza kushanda. Mapoka ekutenga anofanira kuisa aya mamodheru ane simba guru muzvikamu zvemidziyo ine njodzi huru, achiraira kuongororwa kwemafekitori kwakawedzerwa, kuyedzwa kwesampuru kwakawedzerwa, uye kutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi inozivikanwa vasati vabvumidza kugadzirwa kwemagetsi akawanda.

Zvitupa zvinodiwa uye mitemo yekutonga

Kutumira kunze mwenje dzeUSBkuEurope neUnited States zvinoda kufamba mumatanho akasiyana-siyana emitemo yepamutemo uye zviyero zvehunyanzvi. Maitiro aya ekutevedzera mitemo akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vatengi kubva mukuvhunduka kwemagetsi, njodzi dzemoto, kupindira kwemagetsi, uye kusangana nemakemikari ane chepfu. Nyanzvi dzekutenga dzinofanira kubata zvitupa izvi kwete sepfungwa dzekupedzisira mushure mekugadzirwa, asi sezvinodiwa zviri mukati meChikumbiro chekutanga cheQuotation (RFQ).

Mamiriro ekutonga eEU neUS anoshanda zvichienderana nepfungwa dzakasiyana dzemutemo uye hunyanzvi, asi zvese zvinoda magwaro akasimba. Kunzwisisa kwakakosha kwemirairo iyi kunobvumira zvikwata zvekutenga kuti zviongorore nemazvo kugona kwevatengesi, kubvisa vatengesi vasingateereri mitemo pakutanga kwekutenga, uye kufanotaura nemazvo mutengo wezvinhu zvese zvakatengeswa.

CE, RoHS, REACH, WEEE, uye zvisungo zvekurongedza

European Union inorayira kuti pave nemirairo yakawanda isati yashandiswa zviri pamutemo kuti chigadzirwa chive nechiratidzo cheCE. Kune mwenje yeUSB, izvi zvinosanganisira Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive (2014/30/EU), ichiva nechokwadi chekuti mudziyo hauburitse kupindira kwakanyanya kwemagetsi kana kukanganiswa nazvo. Kunyange zvazvo midziyo yeUSB ine voltage shoma (inowanzo shanda pa5V) ichiwanzo wira kunze kweLow Voltage Directive (LVD), General Product Safety Directive (GPSD) ichiri kusimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwemagetsi, ichiwanzo tarisa EN 62368-1 standards yemabhatiri akabatanidzwa uye macircuit ekuchaja.

Kutevedzera mitemo yemakemikari nezvakatipoteredza muEU kwakaoma zvakaenzana. RoHS 3 Directive inorambidza zvinhu gumi zvine njodzi, kusanganisira kusimbisa huwandu hwakanyanya hwe0.1% nehuremu (1,000 ppm) hwelead, mercury, uye specific phthalates muzvinhu zvakafanana. Panguva imwe chete, mutemo weREACH unoda kutariswa nguva dzose kweSubstances of Very High Concern (SVHCs), runyorwa rwunopfuura 240 makemikari parizvino. Chekupedzisira, vanopinza zvinhu vanofanira kutevedzera WEEE Directive yekudzoreredza marara emagetsi uye Local Packaging Directives, iyo inotungamira mipiro yekudzokorodza uye zvinodiwa zvekuisa mazita (seTriman logo muFrance) zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri pamusika.

Nzira dzeFCC, UL kana ETL, uye zvinofungwa neCPSIA

MuUnited States, kutarisirwa kwemitemo kwakakamurwa pakati pemasangano ehurumende, mitemo yenyika, uye mitemo yeindasitiri inodiwa. Padanho rehurumende, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) inotevedzera mitemo yeChikamu 15 Subpart B, ichida kuti kuyedzwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mafambiro emwenje wemusoro haakonzere kukanganisa kwemafrequency eredhiyo. Kunyange hazvo US isina muenzaniso wakananga weCE mark wekuzvisimbisa wega wekuchengetedza, musika unovimba zvakanyanya neNationally Recognised Testing Laboratories (NRTLs) dzakadai seUL, ETL, kana CSA kuderedza mutoro.

Kune mwenje yeUSB, kuwana chitupa cheUL 1598 (Luminaires) kana UL 62368-1 (Audio/Vhidhiyo, Information and Communication Technology Equipment) kunopa dziviriro yakasimba kubva kumhosva dzechigadzirwa. Uyezve, kuchengetedzeka kwebhatiri re lithium-ion kunotongwa nemazinga eUL 2054 neUL 1642. Kana mwenje wemusoro uchitengeswa kana kuti uri nyore kuwana kuvana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri, unowira pasi pemutemo weConsumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), uyo unoganhurira zvakanyanya lead yekumusoro kusvika pa90 ppm uye lead ye substrate yese kusvika pa100 ppm, zvichidikanwa kuti zviongororwe nerabhoritari inogamuchirwa neCPSC.

Kugadzira zvitupa zvematikiti ekutenga zvinhu

Kuti zvinodiwa izvi zviitwe, mapoka ekutenga anofanira kushandisa mapping akarongeka ezvitupa. Maitiro aya anoenderana nezvinodiwa pamusika webasa nemaitiro ekuyedza anodiwa, zvichiita kuti pasave nepfungwa dzisina kunaka dzemutemo usati watanga kugadzira nekugadzira. Tafura inotevera inopa kupatsanurwa kwezvinodiwa zvikuru munzvimbo dzese dziri mbiri.

Kuchengetedzeka kwebhatiri, dhizaini yekuchaja, uye kudzora mhando yefekitori

Chinhu chikuru chinoshanda chemwenje weUSB wemazuva ano isimba rayo uye dhizaini yekuchaja. Mabhatiri eLithium-ion neLithium-polymer anopa simba rakawanda rinodiwa kuti ape simba maLED anoshanda zvakanyanya, asi anounzawo njodzi huru dzekupisa nemakemikari kana akasashandiswa zvakanaka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kusimbiswa kwekuchengetedza bhatiri uye dhizaini yekuchaja ndiyo chikamu chakakosha chekukodzera chigadzirwa.

Kudzora mhando padanho refekitori kunofanira kuchinja kubva pakuongororwa kwekuona kwemunhu kuenda pakuongororwa kwedata. Mapoka ekutenga anofanira kuraira nzvimbo dzakatarwa dzekuyedza uye kushivirira kunogamuchirika muzvibvumirano zvavo zvevatengesi, vachiona kuti bhenji rega rega rekugadzira rinotevedzera zvakanyanya parameters dzekushanda kwemuenzaniso wegoridhe wakatenderwa.

Tsanangudzo huru dzehunyanzvi uye mapoinzi ekuyedza

Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi anofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvakajeka muchibvumirano chekutenga kuti pasave nekujeka. Kune macircuits ekuchaja e lithium-ion, nzvimbo dzekuedza dzakakosha dzinotenderera pakutonga kwemagetsi. Muganho wekudzivirira overcharge unofanirwa kuenzaniswa zvakanyanya; kune standard 3.7V nominal lithium cell, iyo charging IC inofanira kumisa current pa4.25V ± 0.05V. Kupfuura muganho uyu kunowedzera zvakanyanya njodzi ye lithium plating uye thermal runaway inotevera. Kusiyana neizvi, over-discharge cut-off inofanira kuiswa kwete pasi pe2.75V kudzivirira kudzikira kwesimba risingadzoreki.

Kugara kwenguva refu uye kuramba nharaunda zvinodawo nzvimbo dzekuyedza dzinokwanisa kuverengwa. Kuyedza kudonha kunofanirwa kuitwa kubva pakakwirira pe 1.5 kusvika 2.0 metres pamusoro pekongiri, zvichikanganisa ma axes akawanda kuti zvionekwe kuti chimiro chacho chakamira sei uye kuti bhatiri harina kuvharwa here. Pakuvhara nharaunda, chiyero cheIngress Protection (IP) chinofanira kusimbiswa kuburikidza nekuyedza kwakajairwa. Chiyero cheIPX4 chinoda kudzivirirwa kubva mumvura inopfachukira kubva chero divi kwemaminitsi mashanu, nepo chiyero cheIP68 chichida kuramba uchinyudzwa mumvura kupfuura mita imwe chete kudzika, zvichida ma compounds chaiwo ekugadzira uye silicone O-ring tolerances.

Kuongororwa kwebhatiri kwakabatana kana kuchinjwa

Mapoka ekutenga anotarisana nesarudzo yakakosha yekuvaka pakati pemapaketi emabhatiri akabatanidzwa (akavharwa) uye magadzirirwo emasero anogona kutsiviwa nemushandisi. Magadzirirwo akabatanidzwa, anowanzo shandiswa mapoketi e lithium-polymer akagadzirwa, anobvumira mwenje yemusoro yakamanikana, yakaenzana uye kudzivirira mvura zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, mhando yesero remukati ndiyo inonyanya kukosha, sezvo kuora kwese kusingatarisirwi kunoita kuti mudziyo wese usashande. Mitemo yekutenga mabhatiri akabatanidzwa inofanira kuda hupenyu hwese hwekutenderera hwemaawa angangoita mazana mashanu (500 charge/discharge cycles) usati wadzikira pasi pe80% yechiyero chawo chekutanga.

Magadzirirwo emabhatiri anotsiviwa, anowanzo shandiswa nemasero e18650 kana 21700 cylindrical, anopa rubatsiro rwakakura pabasa remumunda uye kudzokororwa kwekugadzirisa zvinhu zviri nyore. Chinangwa chekusimbisa hunhu pano chinoshanduka kuenda kukubatana kwemakanika uye kusimba kwechimiro chebhatiri. Kubatana kwesimbi mbiri negoridhe kana nickel plating kwakakosha kudzivirira micro-arcing uye kuchengetedza kubatana panguva yekuzunguzika kwakanyanya. Uyezve, circuitry yemukati yemwenje inofanira kusanganisira dziviriro ye reverse polarity kudzivirira ma short circuits ane njodzi kana mushandisi wekupedzisira akaisa bhatiri zvisiri izvo.

Kusimbiswa kwefekitori, kuongororwa kwekutumira zvinhu zvisati zvatumirwa, uye kudzora magwaro

Dhizaini yezvigadzirwa yakasimba zvikuru inogona kukanganiswa nekugadzirwa kusina kunaka, zvichiita kuti kusimbiswa kwefekitori kuve chikamu chakakosha chekutenga. Kusati kwatanga kugadzirwa kwehuwandu, maitiro ekudzora hunhu hwefekitori anofanirwa kuongororwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora kuenzaniswa kwemabhora avo anobatanidza kuti ayerwe kubuda kwelumen uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti vane makabati ekuchengetedza emabhatiri otomatiki kuti vaone kushanda kwemasero pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekupisa.

Kuongororwa kwezvishandiso zvisati zvatumirwa kunofanirwa kutevedzera mwero wekuongorora wenhamba unozivikanwa pasi rose, kazhinji ANSI/ASQ Z1.4. Purogiramu yekuongorora yakasimba inoshandisa General Inspection Level II, ine Acceptable Quality Limits (AQL) yakaiswa pa0 kune zvikanganiso zvakakosha (semuenzaniso, mashoti emagetsi, waya dzakavhurika), 1.5 kune zvikanganiso zvikuru (semuenzaniso, maLED asingashande, kutadza kuchaja), uye 4.0 kune zvikanganiso zvidiki (semuenzaniso, kukwenya kudiki kwekushongedza). Uyezve, mutengesi anofanira kuchengetedza kudzora kwakasimba kwemagwaro, achipa mhinduro dzakakwana dzebvunzo dzekupisa-dzakadai sekushandisa mwenje yemusoro pa100% yekubuda kwemaawa 24 kusvika 48 patembiricha ye45°C-kuti aone zvikanganiso zvemagetsi zvepakutanga zvisati zvaiswa mumidziyo.

Kufanirwa kwemutengesi, magwaro, uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa nevatengi

Kuchinja kubva pakugadzira chigadzirwa kuenda pakugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda kunoda kuongororwa kwakasimba kwemugadziri wezvigadzirwa. Kugona kwemutengesi hakusi kungotarisa mitengo chete; kuongorora kukura kwesangano remutengesi, kudzora maitiro, uye kugona kwake kuita zvinodiwa zvakaoma nguva dzose. Kukundikana kwemutengesi kuchengetedza mitemo iyi kunogona kukonzera kunonoka kwekutumira zvinhu, kubatwa kwezvinhu pamitengo yemutero, kana kutadza kushanda zvakanaka mumunda.

Zvakakoshawo kutarisira zvinhu zvine mabhatiri e lithium-ion. Kutakurwa kwezvinhu pasi rose zvine mabhatiri e lithium-ion kunodzorwa zvakanyanya nevakuru vezvendege nezvikepe pasi rose. Mapoka ekutenga zvinhu anofanira kuona kuti mutengesi ane hunyanzvi mukugadzira mapepa anodiwa ekutevedzera mitemo uye kutevedzera mitemo yakasimba yekurongedza kuti zvifambe zvakanaka kupfuura nepamuganho.

Zvinodiwa zvekubvumidzwa nemupi uye kugona kuyedza

Kutenderwa kwemutengesi kunofanirwa kuenderana nekuzvipira kunoratidzwa mukutarisira mhando, kazhinji kunoonekwa negwaro reISO 9001:2015 rinobva kumunyori ane mukurumbira. Kunze kwekutevedzera ISO yekutanga, mapoka ekutenga anofanira kuongorora kugona kwefekitori kuyedza mukati mefekitori. Mugadziri wemwenje weUSB ane hunyanzvi anofanira kunge aine michina inodiwa kuti aite PCBA automated optical inspection (AOI) yenguva dzose, kuenzanisa kugona kwebhatiri, uye kuyedza nharaunda pasina kuvimba zvachose nemabasa ekunze ekunze.

Kurongeka kwekutengeserana chinhu chakakoshawo. Vatengi vanofanira kuongorora kana huwandu hweMinimum Order (MOQ) hwefekitori huchienderana nezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Kushandisa maQA profiles akagadzirwa, maturusi akatsaurirwa, uye kutsvaga zvikamu zvakanongedzerwa zvinowanzoda MOQ yemayuniti chiuru kusvika zviuru zvitatu. Vatengesi vanopa MOQ yakaderera yezvinhu "zvakatenderwa" vanowanzo tengesa zvigadzirwa zvisina kutengeswa, zvine label white, uko mutengi asingaonekwe mubhiri rezvinhu kana kuti kuenderana kwezvikamu zvemukati.

Magwaro anodiwa usati waisa odha uye watumira

Kuti vaderedze njodzi, mapoka ekutenga anofanira kusimbisa gwara rakasimba remagwaro. Hapana gwaro rekutenga rinofanira kupedzwa pasina Bill of Materials (BOM) yakadzama, yakavharwa inotsanangura rudzi chairwo uye modhi yezvinhu zvakakosha, zvakaita se LED emitter (semuenzaniso, Cree, Osram), iyo inochaja IC, uye mugadziri wema cell e lithium-ion chaiwo. Izvi zvinodzivirira tsika yakajairika yeindasitiri yekutsiva zvikamu zvisina mvumo panguva yekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvitupa zvekuchengetedza zvakambowanikwa.

Mutengesi anofanira kupa gwaro rakazara remagwaro asati aburitswa uye mvumo yekubhadhara mari yasara. Kune vanotumira zvinhu kuEurope, izvi zvinosanganisira Chiziviso cheKutevedzera (DoC) chakasainwa nemugadziri, chichitaura zvakajeka mirairo yakakodzera uye zviyero zveEN. Pamusoro pezvo, mutengi anofanira kuchengetedza mushumo wekuyedza weUN38.3 uye Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) yemhando chaiyo yebhatiri yakashandiswa mukugadzirwa, ine musi uri mukati megore razvino, kuti igutse zvinodiwa nevatengi vemitero nemidziyo.

Mitemo yekutakura mabhatiri, kunyora mazita, uye kugara kwenguva refu pakurongedza

Kufamba kwemwenje yeUSB kunodzorwa nemitemo yakasimba yezvinhu zvine njodzi nekuda kwesimba rayo re lithium-ion. Pakutakura zvinhu mundege, International Air Transport Association (IATA) inotevedzera mitemo yakasimba maererano neState of Charge (SoC) yebhatiri. Mabhatiri anofanira kutumirwa paSoC iri pasi pe30% yesimba rawo rakatarwa kuderedza njodzi yekupisa panguva yekubhururuka. Kurongedza kunofanirawo kutsungirira miedzo chaiyo yekudonha uye kushandisa makatoni ekunze akaomarara kudzivirira kupwanywa kana kuboorwa.

Hurongwa hwezvisarudzo zvekutenga zvinhu zvekusimbisa mhando uye chitupa

Nyanzvi dzekutenga dzinofanira kubatanidza mitemo yekutonga, data rekudzora mhando, uye chokwadi chekutengeserana kuita hurongwa hwakabatana hwekuita sarudzo. Chinangwa ndechekuenzanisa mitengo yekutanga yezvitupa zvakasimba uye kuvimbiswa kwemhando nenjodzi dzemari dzenguva refu dzekusatevedzera mitemo uye kutadza kwechigadzirwa. Hurongwa uhwu hunoda kutsanangurwa kwakajeka pakati pezvinotarisirwa pamutemo, zvinodiwa nevatengesi vekutengesa, uye zvinomiririra mari yekudyara mumhando yezvigadzirwa.

Pakupedzisira, mwero wekudyara mari yekusimbisa mhando unofanirwa kuenderana nenzvimbo yemusika wechigadzirwa uye kutsungirira njodzi kwekambani inopinza. Kubata kutevedzera mitemo sechinhu chinotsvedza pane bhokisi rekutarisa rinobvumira zvikwata zvekutenga kugovera zviwanikwa nemazvo, zvichiita kuti maSKU ane njodzi huru awane kuongororwa kwakanyanya uku vachichengetedza mitengo inokwikwidzana.

Kuisa pamberi zvitupa zvinosungirwa uye zvinodiwa nevatengesi

Chikamu chekutanga chehurongwa hwesarudzo dzekutenga chinosanganisira kuisa pamberi zvitupa zvinosungirwa zvemutemo. MuEU, kukundikana kupa magwaro eCE anoshanda (anosanganisira EMC neRoHS zvishoma) kunogona kukonzera kutorwa kwemitero nekukasika uye faindi dzekusatevedzera mitemo dzinogona kusvika ku€50,000 pakutyorwa kwemutemo zvichienderana nenyika iri nhengo. Zvitupa izvi zvekutanga hazvigone kutaurirana uye zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa muhurongwa hwekutanga hwekutsvaga, sezvo bvunzo dzemurabhoritari dzevamwe dzichigona kuwedzera mavhiki matatu kusvika matanhatu kunguva yekutenga.

Kupfuura mitemo yepamutemo, zvinodiwa nevatengesi vezvitoro zvinowanzo ratidza humbowo hwepamusoro. Mapuratifomu makuru e-commerce, akadai seAmazon, ikozvino ari kushandisa mitemo yekuchengetedza michina inoshandisa lithium-ion. Kuedza kunyora rambi reUSB pasina kutumira mishumo yekuyedza yeUL 2054 kana IEC 62133 inosimbiswa kubva kurabhoritari yakatenderwa neISO 17025 kunowanzoita kuti zviome kunyoreswa. Mapoka ekutenga anofanirwa kuronga mabhuku ekutevera evatengesi vavo vasati vapedzisa kutsanangurwa kwechigadzirwa nemutengesi wekunze kwenyika.

Kana mari yakawanda yekutanga yekuisa zvitupa ichikodzera

Kune mamiriro akasiyana apo kuisa mari muzvitupa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinopa purofiti yakakura pakudyara. Kutsvaga chitupa chakazara cheNRTL (senge chiratidzo cheUL kana ETL) chemwenje wemusoro unoendeswa kuUS kunoda mari yakawanda yekutanga - kazhinji kuwedzera $3,000 kusvika $5,000 paSKU imwe neimwe mukuyedza nekubhadhara mari yekugadzira, pamwe nemari inoenderera mberi yekuongorora mafekitori kota yega yega. Zvisinei, kune mabhizinesi epamusoro-soro, maindasitiri, kana emhando yepamusoro, kudyara uku kunowanzo ruramiswa.

Chiratidzo cheNRTL chinozivikanwa chinobva chavhura mukana wekupinda muzvitoro zveTier-1 izvo zvinoramba zvisingabvumiri marongero emagetsi asina chitupa. Uyezve, madhipatimendi ekutenga makambani ari muzvikamu zvemigodhi, zvekuvaka, uye zvemagetsi anoda marongero aya kuti anyatsotevedzera kuchengetedzeka kwebasa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuva nezvitupa zvepamusoro-soro zvekuchengetedza kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yeinishuwarenzi yemhosva yezvigadzirwa zvemakambani—kazhinji zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwe15% kusvika 20% mumitengo yepamutemo yegore negore—zvichizoderedza mari yekutanga yekuedza mukati mehupenyu hwechigadzirwa.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mhedzisiro yakakosha uye chikonzero chekusimbisa Hunhu
• Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
• Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndezvipi zvitupa zvinowanzo dikanwa pamarambi emagetsi eUSB anotengeswa muEurope?

Zvishoma nezvishoma, tarisai kutevedzera mitemo yeCE, RoHS, REACH, uye WEEE, pamwe nekutevedzera mitemo yekurongedza kana zvichibvira. Kumbirai Chiziviso cheKutevedzera mitemo uye mishumo yekuyedza yakafanana musati maisa maodha.

Vatengi vanofanira kutevedzera mitemo ipi ye USB headlamps inopinda muUS?

Simbisa bvunzo dzekuchengetedza magetsi dziripo, zvinodiwa neFCC kuti magetsi aenderane nezvinodiwa, uye kuti mabhatiri aenderane nezvinodiwa. Kumbira mishumo yerabhoritari iripo yakabatana nemuenzaniso chaiwo uye magadzirirwo ebhatiri.

Sei kuchengetedzeka kwebhatiri kuri dambudziko guru rekusimbisa hunhu hwemwenje yeUSB?

Masero e lithium-ion anogona kudzoserwa anogona kupisa zvakanyanya, kuzvimba, kana kutadza kushanda kana maseketi ekuchaja nekudzivirira asina simba. Tarisa dziviriro yekupisa zvakanyanya, kuburitsa zvakanyanya, uye kudzivirirwa kwekupisa mubhatiri nePCBA.

Mapepa api anofanira kutorwa nechikwata chekutenga zvinhu kubva kune vanopa zvinhu?

Tora Chiziviso Chekutevedzera Mutemo, mishumo yebvunzo yevamwe, gwaro rezvinhu, zvirevo zvebhatiri, data rekurongedza, uye zvinyorwa zveQC zvefekitori. Ita shuwa kuti magwaro ese anoenderana neSKU yekupedzisira, kwete muenzaniso wakafanana.

Vatengi vanogona sei kuderedza garandi uye njodzi yekudzosa zvinhu zvisati zvagadzirwa zvakawanda?

Ita ongororo dzekutanga kutumira, bvunzo dzekuvimbika, uye simbisa sampuro pamamodeli ane lumen yakawanda. Isa zvinangwa zvekukanganisa zviri pasi pe1.5% uye zvinoda matanho ekugadzirisa kana paine kutadza kwekusonera, kuchaja, uye kukanganiswa kwemvura.