Nheyo yekugadzira simba rezuva

Zuva rinopenya panosangana maPN e semiconductor, richigadzira gomba idzva rema electron. Pasi pekushanda kwesimba remagetsi rePN junction, gomba rinoyerera kubva munharaunda yeP kuenda kunzvimbo yeN, uye maerekitironi anoyerera kubva munharaunda yeN kuenda kunzvimbo yeP. Kana dunhu rakabatana, magetsi anoumbwa. Ndiwo mashandiro anoita ma solar cell e photoelectric effect.

Kugadzira simba rezuva Kune mhando mbiri dzekugadzira simba rezuva, imwe imodhi yekushandura magetsi nechiedza, imwe imodhi yekushandura magetsi nechiedza zvakananga.

(1) Nzira yekushandura magetsi nechiedza-kupisa inoshandisa simba rekupisa rinogadzirwa nemwaranzi yezuva kugadzira magetsi. Kazhinji, simba rekupisa rinonyudzwa rinoshandurwa kuita utsi hwenzvimbo inoshanda ne solar collector, uye ipapo turbine yemhepo inofambiswa kuti igadzire magetsi. Maitiro ekutanga maitiro ekushandura magetsi nechiedza; Maitiro ekupedzisira maitiro ekushandura magetsi nekupisa.

(2) Mugumisiro we photoelectric unoshandiswa kushandura simba remwaranzi yezuva zvakananga kuita simba remagetsi. Chinhu chikuru chekushandura photoelectric i solar cell. Solar cell mudziyo unoshandura zvakananga simba rechiedza chezuva kuita simba remagetsi nekuda kwe photogeneration volt effect. I semiconductor photodiode. Kana zuva rapenya pa photodiode, photodiode inoshandura simba rechiedza chezuva kuita simba remagetsi uye inogadzira magetsi. Kana masero mazhinji akabatana akatevedzana kana kuti akafanana, masero ezuva ane simba guru rekuburitsa simba anogona kuumbwa.

Parizvino, crystalline silicon (kusanganisira polysilicon ne monocrystalline silicon) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mu photovoltaic zvinhu, musika wayo unopfuura 90%, uye mune ramangwana kwenguva yakareba icharamba iri zvinhu zvikuru zvemasero ezuva.

Kwenguva yakareba, tekinoroji yekugadzira zvinhu zvepolysilicon yave ichidzorwa nemafekitori gumi emakambani manomwe munyika nhatu, dzakadai seUnited States, Japan neGermany, zvichiita kuti tekinoroji ivharwe uye ive monopoly yemusika.

Kudiwa kwepolysilicon kunonyanya kubva kuma semiconductors nema solar cells. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekuchena, zvakakamurwa kuva electronic level ne solar level. Pakati pazvo, electronic-grade polysilicon inokwana 55%, solar level polysilicon inokwana 45%.

Nekukurumidza kukura kweindasitiri yePhotovoltaic, kudiwa kwepolysilicon mumasero ezuva kuri kukura nekukurumidza kupfuura kukura kwesemiconductor polysilicon, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti kudiwa kwepolysilicon yezuva kuchapfuura kwepolysilicon yemagetsi panosvika gore ra2008.

Muna 1994, kugadzirwa kwese kwema solar cell pasi rose kwaingova 69MW chete, asi muna 2004 kwaive pedyo ne1200MW, kuwedzera kwakapetwa ka17 mumakore gumi chete. Nyanzvi dzinofanotaura kuti indasitiri ye solar photovoltaic ichapfuura simba renyukireya seimwe yesimba rakakosha muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi21.